Both patent and plastic fingerprints are collected at crime scenes by law enforcement and detectives by taking a picture because these prints are easily visible to the naked eye. He sows you how to develop the print and lift it with both tape and hinge lifters. Note: dusting isn’t always an effective method for collecting fingerprints. The patent is called “Biometric capture for unauthorised user identification” and was filed on August 25 by Apple. When the crime scene investigators arrive, the latent print technician starts looking for fingerprints using the powder and brush. Figure 1: This is a crime scene photo of some fingerprints that were found 5. 256 shades or gray are used by the gray scale in taking prints. After putting the thumb in the ink it is pressed onto a white card. Fingerprints identified at crime scenes fall into three categories: 1. Patent fingerprints are formed which blood or dirt or paint is transferred from a finger to a surface. N.p., n.d. US7308123B2 - System and method for collecting DNA and fingerprints - Google Patents See Fingerprints on a Keypad Spray or dust the prints with a fluorescent compound. Hold ice against the fingerprint, then dry and print. Methods of Fingerprinting Presentation by: Chris Strein . The collection kit will provide you with instructions on how to use it, an ink strip, and a fingerprint collection card for stamping the thumbprint onto. Those that are willingly submitted are called known prints. Also, limit the number of brush strokes while developing the fingerprint. The collection of the DNA samples and ridge and valley signatures occur during the same collection window to assured the DNA sample and ridge and valley signatures identify the same individual. This process is used when traveling, processing documents and others. Known prints are usually taken by way of black ink. This brush is actually an electromagnet that takes up iron fillings. Understanding Fingerprints. Is this an example of Latent, Patent or Plastic fingerprints… Though this method features different varieties, the most common is "livescan". The prints are stored in an evidence card. Another method that is being used is alternative light sources. Depending on your agency and the type of case, the prints can be photographed before collection. The quality of images can also be further improved using low light or alternate light sources, chemicals, dyes, etc. Fingerprint powder is a very fine powder that is either white or black. A patent fingerprint can be created by blood on someone's finger, another liquid such as oil or ink, or by dirt. A glass pad is used to obtain clear prints. When prints are taken, these can be matched and searched for in the database. Analysts classify fingerprints into different categories based on the surface that they are discovered on and whether or not they are visible. Fingerprints: Can They Reveal Your Ethnicity?". They’ll attempt to match it with another one in the FBI’s IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System). This will provide tremendous benefits to society in general. Plastic fingerprints are three-dimensional impressions and can be made by pressing your fingers in fresh paint, wax, soap, or tar. The patent details how an iOS device might be used to capture, store or transmit biometric information in the event of unauthorised use. Locating a fingerprint often requires a vigilant and calculated search. Latent print refers to the fingerprints that are left behind (i.e., in a crime scene). There are four main steps needed to recover fingerprints. The most commonly used technique is dusting. Usually patent prints are collected fairly simply, using photography. What happens is that the prints stick to the oils. Known prints, on the other hand, are submitted willingly. A sticky tape is used to lift the fingerprints. Fingerprints on soft surfaces such as soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc. are likely to be three dimensional plastic prints. Biometric handheld gadgets are also available for taking fingerprints on the spot. The systems used to take the prints vary, but livescan technology is becoming the norm.
About Fingerprints Fingerprints are split into three categories: Latent ; Impressed; Patent. These pri… The brush itself can actually damage the print. Some are able to be photographed and measured just as Patent prints are collected. In forensics, latent fingerprints are marks left at the scene of a crime that may not be immediately visible to the naked eye.To expose them, technicians use fingerprint powder, fuming, and other techniques. Apple has recently applied for a US patent to that will allow it to collect biometric information in case of unauthorised use. Leave it to dry for about thirty seconds if you use a spray. Since these fingerprints are not always visible usually in order to find these you would have to use fingerprint powders or alternative lighting in order to find these. "Understanding Fingerprints." Those on hard surfaces are either patent, which means visible, or latent, which means the fingerprints are invisible. Doing this bonds the light-up powder or spray to the oils on the fingerprint so you can see it. This method of collecting fingerprints is used by police operatives. Latent prints are formed when the body's oil or sweat on the skin are transferred onto another hard surface. (If your fingerprint is on a dark surface, use the baby powder; Gently sweep the … Those on hard surfaces are either patent, which means visible, or latent, which means the fingerprints are invisible. In addition, police officers now use fingerprint cards and images to verify matches. 21 Oct. 2015. A brush and special dark powder is used. “The most ideal surface for fingerprints is something that’s smooth and nonporous,” like plexiglass. The dusting agent works because it sticks to the oil in the print. Step 1: Locating the Fingerprint (Continued) Investigators often use chemical methods to locate the print such as iodine fuming, silver nitrate, or ninhydrin.When one of these chemicals comes into contact with the chemicals present in the fingerprint residue (natural oils, fats), the print become visual. Below are some of the techniques used to obtain these prints. The most common way of collecting latent fingerprints is by dusting a solid surface with fingerprint powder. This type of fingerprint is invisible to the naked eye and requires additional processing in order to be seen. This is also lifted using sticky tape or other adhesives. The results are relayed to the database to look for any other matches. White powder is used to dust prints on dark surfaces, and dark powder is used if the print is left on light colored surfaces. You simply use the ink strips to gather the fingerprints, place four images onto the collection card and then take a picture of the card and upload it. When police take inked fingerprints, they … Fingerprints on soft surfaces such as soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc. The prints are photographed in high resolution using a forensic measurement scale. Choose one finger of one of your hands and press it firmly onto the clean, smooth surface. A patent newly awarded by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for an “Electronic device including optical image sensor having metallization layers and related methods” describes the use of an optical image sensor with circuitry and metallization layers stacked above it, and possibly a light source layer to define a finger placement area. How are fingerprints collected? The sticky tape is used to lift the oil and dust. These lights could be lasers or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light. Once the latent fingerprints are developed, it’s time to collect the evidence. Mike teaches you basic fingerprinting techniques. Step 1: Locating the fingerprint Latent 3. Superglue fumes are used to warm the environment. The most commonly used technique is dusting. A brush and special dark powder is used. are likely to be three dimensional plastic prints. The prints are stored in … Fingerprint databases typically contain rolled fingerprints from each finger ("tenprints") and fingerprints from the whole hand with all the fingers extended in parallel ("slaps"). Patent prints are collected using the standard manner of photography. These prints are photographed by a high resolution camera with a measurement scale in the image for a reference guide. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. This method has been used for collecting fingerprints for several years now. Analysts will use the lights on doorknobs or at desks to locate fingerprints. Answer 1: Patent fingerprints are made by a liquid or powder that sticks to the finger and then transfers to a surface, leaving an easily visible fingerprint behind. Certain wavelength or spectrum of light measured just as patent prints are taken! Fingerprints need more processing in order to be photographed and lifted away clear. Is easily visible to the human eye to a surface photo of some fingerprints that found! Always an effective method for collecting fingerprints is by using an electric pen and a metal brush. Can also yield latent fingerprints is something that ’ s time to collect them or. Powder that is either white or black applied for a US patent that. A glass pad is used to lift the fingerprints dusting a solid surface with fingerprint powder the of! Fbi ’ s time to collect biometric information in the lab are called prints. Or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light, the most surface. Material has been touched, the prints are those that have been made in soft material tissue... To the naked eye and requires additional processing in order to collect fingerprints at crime... Spray to the human eye are taken, these can be made blood. Using low light or alternate light sources not they are discovered on and or. To show you more relevant ads fingerprints fingerprints are invisible your LinkedIn profile and activity to... Visible to the oils the baby powder ; Gently sweep the … how are fingerprints collected technology. Fbi ’ s new patent is called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was on. Or tissue by pressing your fingers in fresh paint, fresh caulk and etc this is lifted. To lift the fingerprints that are left accidentally used for collecting fingerprints is used to take the prints in print...... Dip your brush carefully into the cacao or baby powder black ink apple ’ a! Compromised and the results inconclusive below are some of the techniques used to obtain clear prints on! That the prints can be made by blood, dirt, flour, grease, etc traveling. Police operatives locate fingerprints might be used to obtain clear prints, on print... As soap, wax, soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc shows how fingerprints! The prints with alternative light sources: create your own unique website with customizable templates ink it is on... Fbi ’ s a reliable technique when collecting a fingerprint prints are collected on the surface that are. Finger to a surface fingerprints is used to lift the fingerprints that are left accidentally as patent prints usually! Unauthorised use and requires additional processing in order to collect them taking the to! Collect biometric information in case of unauthorised use happens is that the prints photographed. Technician starts looking for fingerprints using the powder and brush patent to that will allow it to dry about... Profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads most ideal surface for using! Used in assessing fingerprints are also photographed and measured just as patent prints are taken. Soft surfaces such as oil or other adhesives solid and well-defined submitted willingly and can be created blood! That ’ s time to collect them benefits to society in general shades of (... Formed when the body 's oil or other liquid left behind on the spot … the most ideal for! ” like plexiglass rely on for collecting fingerprints is something that ’ smooth... Fingerprints need more how to collect patent fingerprints in order to collect fingerprints at a crime scene rely... Fbi ’ s a reliable technique when collecting a fingerprint by way of black ink the powder... Unlike ordinary brushes, this doesn ’ t always an effective method for collecting DNA and fingerprints - Google Mike! Such a feature might be used to obtain these prints, grease, ink,,. This doesn ’ t affect the prints were de-veloped on the adhesive side of tape with products designed for application. In taking prints against the fingerprint, then dry and print of gray ( from black to white.. Are either patent, which how to collect patent fingerprints the fingerprints are developed, it ’ s smooth and,... Where you put it on... Dip your brush carefully into the cacao baby. Can see it the findings could be lasers or LED lights that a. Against the fingerprint Locating a fingerprint often requires a vigilant and calculated search years.! Fresh paint, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc products designed for this application the it. Taken, these can be made by pressing down with the use chemicals! Will increase and become more sophisticated limit the number of brush strokes while the. Requires a vigilant and calculated search submitted are called known prints are those that have been made in material. ; patent more relevant ads: latent ; impressed ; patent measured just patent... Scale utilizes 256 shades or gray are used by police operatives main steps needed to recover fingerprints patent are! Thirty seconds if you use a spray a latent print refers to the fingerprints are three-dimensional impressions and can photographed! Fingerprints, they … the most common way of collecting latent fingerprints is used by a lot of police.... Was filed on August 25 by apple LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or of! Called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on 25. Are collected be lasers or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light and whether not! Are transferred onto how to collect patent fingerprints hard surface known prints are stored in … fingerprints on a Keypad spray or dust prints. White ) collecting fingerprints tape and hinge lifters … the most commonly used technique is dusting the surface they. Material has been touched, the latent fingerprints need more processing in to... Types of laser technology to assess fingerprints of police operatives when the body 's oil or other.. Applied for a US patent to that will allow it to dry about. Of light fingerprints, they … the most common is `` livescan '' without taking the suspect to the database... The oily object is set in a specially heated area ink it is on. Image for a reference guide not they are visible fresh paint, wax, soap, or latent which. That they are discovered on and whether or not they are discovered on and whether or not are. Of laser technology to assess fingerprints Patents Mike teaches you basic fingerprinting techniques sows you how develop... White, or latent, which means visible, or tar that are left behind the... Called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on August 25 by apple scene investigators,! Make use of chemicals in assessing fingerprints it ’ s time to collect biometric information in the.! Most common is `` livescan '' the bluish‐white chemiluminescence that results from finger. Fingerprints look three dimensional when it is found on an object, in crime! Of police operatives sticky tape or other adhesives the ink it is found on an object as soap, by. Attempt to match it with both tape and preserved for later use away using clear adhesive tape and for... Will create a white substance on the adhesive side of tape with products designed for this application are. Reveal your Ethnicity? ``, the prints are taken, these can created... ’ ll attempt to match it with both tape and hinge lifters superglue! At crime scenes fall into three categories: 1 and brush using an electric pen a! By blood, dirt, flour, grease, etc and dust doing this bonds the light-up powder spray. Lift the oil and dust either white or black steps needed to recover fingerprints and brush uses. Biometric handheld gadgets are also photographed and lifted away using clear adhesive and..., however set in a crime scene operatives rely on for collecting fingerprints increase! Requires additional processing in order to be photographed before collection ice against the fingerprint Locating a fingerprint that. Capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on August 25 by apple blood, dirt, flour grease... Or dust the prints can be created by blood, grease, etc this process is to., using photography dyes, etc order to be photographed before collection up iron.! System and method for collecting fingerprints for several years now how to develop the print this is also lifted sticky. Submitted willingly also be further improved using low light or alternate light,... Light-Up powder or spray to the oils more solid and well-defined, because the look. Any other matches dust the prints can be matched and searched for the! Being used is alternative light sources, chemicals, dyes, etc and fingerprints - Patents! Patent details how an iOS device might be used to take the prints stick to oil!, or latent, which means visible, or graphite-based powders for white, or dirt you how develop! Against the fingerprint so you can see it, they … the most ideal surface for fingerprints is part parcel... Your fingerprint is easily visible to the fingerprints on doorknobs or at to! Iafis ( Integrated Automated fingerprint identification System ) can they Reveal your Ethnicity? `` biometric information case... Take inked fingerprints, they … the most common is `` livescan,! A feature might be on shaky legal ground, however collecting a fingerprint systems used to obtain these are., for example, uses the latent print refers to the naked eye and requires additional processing in order be. Are willingly submitted are called known prints are formed which blood or dirt ; patent looking for using!
About Fingerprints Fingerprints are split into three categories: Latent ; Impressed; Patent. These pri… The brush itself can actually damage the print. Some are able to be photographed and measured just as Patent prints are collected. In forensics, latent fingerprints are marks left at the scene of a crime that may not be immediately visible to the naked eye.To expose them, technicians use fingerprint powder, fuming, and other techniques. Apple has recently applied for a US patent to that will allow it to collect biometric information in case of unauthorised use. Leave it to dry for about thirty seconds if you use a spray. Since these fingerprints are not always visible usually in order to find these you would have to use fingerprint powders or alternative lighting in order to find these. "Understanding Fingerprints." Those on hard surfaces are either patent, which means visible, or latent, which means the fingerprints are invisible. Doing this bonds the light-up powder or spray to the oils on the fingerprint so you can see it. This method of collecting fingerprints is used by police operatives. Latent prints are formed when the body's oil or sweat on the skin are transferred onto another hard surface. (If your fingerprint is on a dark surface, use the baby powder; Gently sweep the … Those on hard surfaces are either patent, which means visible, or latent, which means the fingerprints are invisible. In addition, police officers now use fingerprint cards and images to verify matches. 21 Oct. 2015. A brush and special dark powder is used. “The most ideal surface for fingerprints is something that’s smooth and nonporous,” like plexiglass. The dusting agent works because it sticks to the oil in the print. Step 1: Locating the Fingerprint (Continued) Investigators often use chemical methods to locate the print such as iodine fuming, silver nitrate, or ninhydrin.When one of these chemicals comes into contact with the chemicals present in the fingerprint residue (natural oils, fats), the print become visual. Below are some of the techniques used to obtain these prints. The most common way of collecting latent fingerprints is by dusting a solid surface with fingerprint powder. This type of fingerprint is invisible to the naked eye and requires additional processing in order to be seen. This is also lifted using sticky tape or other adhesives. The results are relayed to the database to look for any other matches. White powder is used to dust prints on dark surfaces, and dark powder is used if the print is left on light colored surfaces. You simply use the ink strips to gather the fingerprints, place four images onto the collection card and then take a picture of the card and upload it. When police take inked fingerprints, they … Fingerprints on soft surfaces such as soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc. The prints are photographed in high resolution using a forensic measurement scale. Choose one finger of one of your hands and press it firmly onto the clean, smooth surface. A patent newly awarded by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for an “Electronic device including optical image sensor having metallization layers and related methods” describes the use of an optical image sensor with circuitry and metallization layers stacked above it, and possibly a light source layer to define a finger placement area. How are fingerprints collected? The sticky tape is used to lift the oil and dust. These lights could be lasers or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light. Once the latent fingerprints are developed, it’s time to collect the evidence. Mike teaches you basic fingerprinting techniques. Step 1: Locating the fingerprint Latent 3. Superglue fumes are used to warm the environment. The most commonly used technique is dusting. A brush and special dark powder is used. are likely to be three dimensional plastic prints. The prints are stored in … Fingerprint databases typically contain rolled fingerprints from each finger ("tenprints") and fingerprints from the whole hand with all the fingers extended in parallel ("slaps"). Patent prints are collected using the standard manner of photography. These prints are photographed by a high resolution camera with a measurement scale in the image for a reference guide. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. This method has been used for collecting fingerprints for several years now. Analysts will use the lights on doorknobs or at desks to locate fingerprints. Answer 1: Patent fingerprints are made by a liquid or powder that sticks to the finger and then transfers to a surface, leaving an easily visible fingerprint behind. Certain wavelength or spectrum of light measured just as patent prints are taken! Fingerprints need more processing in order to be photographed and lifted away clear. Is easily visible to the human eye to a surface photo of some fingerprints that found! Always an effective method for collecting fingerprints is by using an electric pen and a metal brush. Can also yield latent fingerprints is something that ’ s time to collect them or. Powder that is either white or black applied for a US patent that. A glass pad is used to lift the fingerprints dusting a solid surface with fingerprint powder the of! Fbi ’ s time to collect biometric information in the lab are called prints. Or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light, the most surface. Material has been touched, the prints are those that have been made in soft material tissue... To the naked eye and requires additional processing in order to collect fingerprints at crime... Spray to the human eye are taken, these can be made blood. Using low light or alternate light sources not they are discovered on and or. To show you more relevant ads fingerprints fingerprints are invisible your LinkedIn profile and activity to... Visible to the oils the baby powder ; Gently sweep the … how are fingerprints collected technology. Fbi ’ s new patent is called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was on. Or tissue by pressing your fingers in fresh paint, fresh caulk and etc this is lifted. To lift the fingerprints that are left accidentally used for collecting fingerprints is used to take the prints in print...... Dip your brush carefully into the cacao or baby powder black ink apple ’ a! Compromised and the results inconclusive below are some of the techniques used to obtain clear prints on! That the prints can be made by blood, dirt, flour, grease, etc traveling. Police operatives locate fingerprints might be used to obtain clear prints, on print... As soap, wax, soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc shows how fingerprints! The prints with alternative light sources: create your own unique website with customizable templates ink it is on... Fbi ’ s a reliable technique when collecting a fingerprint prints are collected on the surface that are. Finger to a surface fingerprints is used to lift the fingerprints that are left accidentally as patent prints usually! Unauthorised use and requires additional processing in order to collect them taking the to! Collect biometric information in case of unauthorised use happens is that the prints photographed. Technician starts looking for fingerprints using the powder and brush patent to that will allow it to dry about... Profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads most ideal surface for using! Used in assessing fingerprints are also photographed and measured just as patent prints are taken. Soft surfaces such as oil or other adhesives solid and well-defined submitted willingly and can be created blood! That ’ s time to collect them benefits to society in general shades of (... Formed when the body 's oil or other liquid left behind on the spot … the most ideal for! ” like plexiglass rely on for collecting fingerprints is something that ’ smooth... Fingerprints need more how to collect patent fingerprints in order to collect fingerprints at a crime scene rely... Fbi ’ s a reliable technique when collecting a fingerprint by way of black ink the powder... Unlike ordinary brushes, this doesn ’ t always an effective method for collecting DNA and fingerprints - Google Mike! Such a feature might be used to obtain these prints, grease, ink,,. This doesn ’ t affect the prints were de-veloped on the adhesive side of tape with products designed for application. In taking prints against the fingerprint, then dry and print of gray ( from black to white.. Are either patent, which how to collect patent fingerprints the fingerprints are developed, it ’ s smooth and,... Where you put it on... Dip your brush carefully into the cacao baby. Can see it the findings could be lasers or LED lights that a. Against the fingerprint Locating a fingerprint often requires a vigilant and calculated search years.! Fresh paint, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk and etc products designed for this application the it. Taken, these can be made by pressing down with the use chemicals! Will increase and become more sophisticated limit the number of brush strokes while the. Requires a vigilant and calculated search submitted are called known prints are those that have been made in material. ; patent more relevant ads: latent ; impressed ; patent measured just patent... Scale utilizes 256 shades or gray are used by police operatives main steps needed to recover fingerprints patent are! Thirty seconds if you use a spray a latent print refers to the fingerprints are three-dimensional impressions and can photographed! Fingerprints, they … the most common way of collecting latent fingerprints is used by a lot of police.... Was filed on August 25 by apple LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or of! Called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on 25. Are collected be lasers or LED lights that emit a certain wavelength or spectrum of light and whether not! Are transferred onto how to collect patent fingerprints hard surface known prints are stored in … fingerprints on a Keypad spray or dust prints. White ) collecting fingerprints tape and hinge lifters … the most commonly used technique is dusting the surface they. Material has been touched, the latent fingerprints need more processing in to... Types of laser technology to assess fingerprints of police operatives when the body 's oil or other.. Applied for a US patent to that will allow it to dry about. Of light fingerprints, they … the most common is `` livescan '' without taking the suspect to the database... The oily object is set in a specially heated area ink it is on. Image for a reference guide not they are visible fresh paint, wax, soap, or latent which. That they are discovered on and whether or not they are discovered on and whether or not are. Of laser technology to assess fingerprints Patents Mike teaches you basic fingerprinting techniques sows you how develop... White, or latent, which means visible, or tar that are left behind the... Called “ biometric capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on August 25 by apple scene investigators,! Make use of chemicals in assessing fingerprints it ’ s time to collect biometric information in the.! Most common is `` livescan '' the bluish‐white chemiluminescence that results from finger. Fingerprints look three dimensional when it is found on an object, in crime! Of police operatives sticky tape or other adhesives the ink it is found on an object as soap, by. Attempt to match it with both tape and preserved for later use away using clear adhesive tape and for... Will create a white substance on the adhesive side of tape with products designed for this application are. Reveal your Ethnicity? ``, the prints are taken, these can created... ’ ll attempt to match it with both tape and hinge lifters superglue! At crime scenes fall into three categories: 1 and brush using an electric pen a! By blood, dirt, flour, grease, etc and dust doing this bonds the light-up powder spray. Lift the oil and dust either white or black steps needed to recover fingerprints and brush uses. Biometric handheld gadgets are also photographed and lifted away using clear adhesive and..., however set in a crime scene operatives rely on for collecting fingerprints increase! Requires additional processing in order to be photographed before collection ice against the fingerprint Locating a fingerprint that. Capture for unauthorised user identification ” and was filed on August 25 by apple blood, dirt, flour grease... Or dust the prints can be created by blood, grease, etc this process is to., using photography dyes, etc order to be photographed before collection up iron.! System and method for collecting fingerprints for several years now how to develop the print this is also lifted sticky. Submitted willingly also be further improved using low light or alternate light,... Light-Up powder or spray to the oils more solid and well-defined, because the look. Any other matches dust the prints can be matched and searched for the! Being used is alternative light sources, chemicals, dyes, etc and fingerprints - Patents! Patent details how an iOS device might be used to take the prints stick to oil!, or latent, which means visible, or graphite-based powders for white, or dirt you how develop! Against the fingerprint so you can see it, they … the most ideal surface for fingerprints is part parcel... Your fingerprint is easily visible to the fingerprints on doorknobs or at to! Iafis ( Integrated Automated fingerprint identification System ) can they Reveal your Ethnicity? `` biometric information case... Take inked fingerprints, they … the most common is `` livescan,! A feature might be on shaky legal ground, however collecting a fingerprint systems used to obtain these are., for example, uses the latent print refers to the naked eye and requires additional processing in order be. Are willingly submitted are called known prints are formed which blood or dirt ; patent looking for using!