I just don’t consider them authentic unless their authenticity, hence their reliability, can be demonstrated. Sanballat “I”, governor of Samaria under Persian rule, ca. 2) This manner of presenting Ḥezîr in the epitaph suggests that he dates back to the founding of this branch of the priestly family. The preceding argument is a strengthening step beyond “Corrections,” pp. P&B  Edwin M. Yamauchi, Persia and the Bible (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1990). For Sennacherib’s account of his first campaign, which was against Merodach-baladan II, see COS, vol. To complicate matters, some authentic, ancient artifacts are recovered by clandestine, illegal digging conducted by profiteers. As too the fact that this man Jesus also really existed, I think the evidence from Tacitus that you highlighted, who was no lover of Christians, and other references that are available from Josephus, Pliny the Younger, Seneca and Juvenal that also proved Jesus’s existence. 17. 23. Occasionally, zealous believers in a particular faith accuse scholars of cowardice or spiritual compromise because of these abbreviations. From King David’s affair with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah. Hmmm, […] This article gives the archaeological evidence of 50 – that’s FIFTY – Biblical men. This seal was published during the 19th century (in 1883 by Charles Clermont-Ganneau), when no one, neither scholars nor forgers, knew the correct shapes of Hebrew letters for the late seventh to early sixth centuries (the time of Jeremiah). By demonstrating how these indicators are used in dating she initiates the reader into the many details of paleography which Dr. Yardeni herself takes into account when she is describing and dating a script or a document. Many thanks for the citation in ZAW, Gene! Christians call it the Old Testament. Carr’s book is cautious and scholarly. . (Compare the Russian vowel o, normally pronounced “aw”: but written o.) 10. […], In reply to response no. 70-76. 2, pp. ), who was at Shushan around the time of Darius I or Xerxes I . This seal was published during the nineteenth century (in 1883 by Charles Clermont-Ganneau), when no one, neither scholars nor forgers, knew the correct shapes of Hebrew letters for the late seventh to early sixth century (the time of Jeremiah). The archaeological record is haphazard in that only a small percentage of available sites have been excavated, and typically a given site is only partly dug. Biblical archaeology is a subset of archaeology. 121–124; “Sixteen,” p. 47 n. 31. The labor of the scribes who copied and faithfully preserved the biblical texts for so many generations, as well as the hard work of modern Bible scholars, deserves better treatment than to be ignored. 265-277 of my book, IBP. This is a great job, makes your way easy for teaching some topics about the bible. Of the two prime candidates named Gedaliah (= Gedalyahu)—assuming both survived the conquest—Gedaliah the son of Pashhur clearly did not have the title “overseer of the palace” (Jeremiah 38:1), and he was clearly an enemy of the Babylonians (Jeremiah 38:4–6). Continuing the reply to Nancy (comment 30 above): Now to answer a closely related question that you did not ask. 26. See also Raging Torrent, pp. It was this Ben-Hadad, the son of Hadadezer, whom Hazael assassinated in 2 Kings 8:7–15 (quoted in Raging Torrent, p. 25). I agree with the few others who said that Shishak doesn’t really count because it is pretty certain that Shishak doesn’t/can’t match Sheshonk/Shoshenq. In view of that possibility, we would then need to distinguish two pairs according to when each pair lived, but the inscription gives no date. An example of a scheme is a polysyndeton, the repeating of a conjunction before every element in a list, whereas the conjunction typically would appear only before the last element, as in "Lions and tigers and bears, oh my! 3, respectively; IBP, pp. In this I challenge the assumption of many scholars that the inscription demonstrates that the biblical Balaam existed. Because legal issues regarding publication rights appear to be involved, I suggest that you please take serious note of the BAS Copyright page at http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/about-the-biblical-archaeology-society/copyright/ , as well as the BAS Terms of Use page at http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/about-the-biblical-archaeology-society/terms-of-use/ . Actually, there is plenty of ancient evidence for King Josiah of Judah in several ancient books by various authors–at least six of them, who wrote at various times and in various situations. Mesha, king, r. early to mid-9th century, 2 Kings 3:4–27. (Note: The name of this pharaoh can be spelled Sheshonq or Shoshenq. 1 (January/February 2014), pp. 119–121; “Sixteen,” p. 43). 9, 16, 24; Third, p. 373 n. 747, 407 and 407 n. 969; ANET, p. 308; D. J. Wiseman, Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings (626–556 B.C.) There is, of course, no basis for identifying the owner of our seal with this famous lady, although they may have been contemporaries, and the seal seems worthy of a queen.”. As for myths of the Bronze Age or any other previous time, some scholars simply call them “good dreams.” 42; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939), pp. In Shalmaneser III’s Black Obelisk, current scholarship regards the notation over relief B, depicting payment of tribute from Israel, as referring to “Jehu, son of Omri” (Raging Torrent, p. 23; RIMA 3, p. 149, A.0. 39–41). There are period artifacts which refer to Kedor-laomer, Jacob, Joseph, Artaxerxes, Xerxes, Essarhaddon, and several others. 236–238; IBP, pp. Thank you for your curiosity and patience if you have read this far! But the time setting of the Biblical Ma‘azyahu during the reign of David is not matched by any time setting at all for the inscriptional Ma‘aziah. Thank you for asking, Nancy. 240–241 no. For larger context and implications in the biblical text, see OROT, pp. See also Nadav Na’aman, “The Interchange between Bible and Archaeology: The Case of David’s Palace and the Millo,” BAR 40, no. As for the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees and other books originally written in _Greek_ which are part of the Bibles used by Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, however, these books are not part of the _Hebrew_ Bible that is sacred in Judaism today. It seems that the authors fully expected that the names of the founders of these 24 priestly families would be recognized as such, presumably by Jewish readers. 2, p. 325). Tirhakah (= Taharqa), pharaoh, r. 690–664, 2 Kings 19:9, etc. . 130–147; COS, vol. 178‒181, no. ), Larry: Your article is very helpful. 220–223; COS, vol. 1054, where the name, spelled YTM, is translated Yatom, which means “orphan.” (For readers: a complete citation of this book is given above on this page, under the section heading “Symbols and Abbreviations, in the last entry: WSS.) Kitchen, “A Possible Mention of David in the Late Tenth Century B.C.E., and Deity *Dod as Dead as the Dodo?” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 76 [1997], pp. What I was saying is that the inclusion of a genuine historical character in a folkloric narrative does not prove that all the folkloric narrative’s events/characters were true. If, however, you can prove that Robin Hood never existed, please present your evidence to Prof. Ohlgren. It has been documented that this relatively small percentage was troubling to Avigad. Comparing the identifying marks of individuals in the inscription and in the Bible, the seal owner’s name and his father’s name inscribed in the seal match the name of the false prophet and his father in Jeremiah 28, giving us two matching marks of an individual. ed. The following is a quote from its web page at https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cyrus_cylinder.aspx (the ellipses, three or four dots in a row, indicate something was omitted from the quote): “Cyrus Cylinder A word that floats in the region of Faynan in southern Jordan, 7th... R. Osborne, the fact that the Cyrus Cylinder does not produce a reliable identification reflection the. “ Nimrod ” inscription written in Aramaic, which of course, confirmation of a ‘ paper trail for... 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